Mitochondrial genome variation in Allium ampeloprasum and its wild relatives

Limitation in mitochondrial genome diversity of leek, revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with mitochondrial gene probes, prevent a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in elite populations. However, mitochondrial genome diversity was detected in Allium ampeloprasum L. wild accession and landraces, as well as in pearl onion. Within this plant material, nine mitotypes were distinguished and could be used in order to broaden the genetic basis of leek. A chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is usable as a marker for the sterility inducing cytoplasms (S₁) in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) and in onion (Allium cepa L.) for (S) and (T) cytoplasm. This chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is also present in the subgenus Allium, revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, only a faint amplicon was observed in a few accessions investigated herein, suggesting that this fragment might be present to a lesser level in mitochondrial DNA, as a sublimon.     

QTL analysis of cooked rice grain elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption using a recombinant inbred population

The traits of elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption are very important in determining the quality of cooked rice grains. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of these traits was performed using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between two indica cultivars, ‘Zhenshan 97’ and ‘Minghui 63 ,’ which are the parents of the most widely grown hybrid rice in China. Using a linkage map based on 221 molecular marker loci covering a total of 1796 cM, a total of 33 QTLs were identified for the nine traits tested. QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1– 3 , 5– 9 , and 11 , respectively. The QTLs identified included three for cooked rice grain length elongation (chromosomes 2 , 6 , and 11), six for width expansion (chromosomes 1‐ 3 , 6 , 9 , and 11) and two for water absorption (chromosomes 2 and 6). Interestingly, a single QTL located near the wx gene on chromosome 6 seemed to influence all the traits tested for the cooked rice quality.     

蒜汁脱臭处理及保健蒜汁饮料的研制

通过对蒜汁脱臭方法和保健蒜汁饮料配方的初步试验研究,结果表明,蒜汁脱臭的最佳条件为β-环状糊精、明胶和柠檬酸,以β-环状糊精∶明胶∶柠檬酸为11.5∶10∶0.75,在75℃条件下保温12min;保健蒜汁饮料的较佳配方为保健中药汁母液15%,蒜汁5%,糖6%,柠檬酸0.25%。     

世界大蒜贸易以及中国出口动态分析

分析了世界大蒜区域贸易状况、世界大蒜主要进出口国家的贸易状况、世界大蒜进出口价格以及中国大蒜的出口总量、出口流向和出口国际竞争力,有助于深入了解世界大蒜贸易格局和中国大蒜出口动态。     

烟蒜轮作与套作对土壤农化性状及烤烟产量的影响

为了探讨烟蒜轮作与套作对土壤农化性状及烤烟产量的影响,本试验在烤烟不同生育时期,采取单作烤烟、烟蒜轮作与套作种植方式下的土壤样品分析农化指标和统计烟叶产量,并对其结果进行对比分析.结果表明随生育期的推进,不同种植方式下根际土壤pH值呈增加趋势,烟蒜轮作与套作根际与非根际土壤的pH值均高于单作烤烟.上部叶成熟期,烟蒜轮作与套作根际与非根际土壤有机质含量均高于单作烤烟.下部叶与上部叶成熟期,烟蒜轮作与套作非根际土壤速效氮含量显著高于单作烤烟.而上部叶成熟期,烟蒜轮作与套作处理根际土壤速效磷、速效钾含量高于单作烤烟.烟蒜轮作与套作烟叶产量、上中等烟率较单作烤烟提高了35.04％和17.55％、5.88％和3.88％.烟蒜轮作与烟蒜套作种植方式均有利于缓解烟草连作障碍,改善土壤微生态环境,提高烤烟产量,但烟蒜轮作对其效果更加突出.本研究探讨烟蒜轮作与烟蒜套作种植方式对土壤农化性状及烤烟产量的影响,可为改良植烟土壤、减轻连作障碍及栽培制度的创新提供理论基础和技术支撑.     

玉米/蒜苗套作系统中土壤微生物和土壤酶状况分析

对玉米蒜苗套作根区进行隔膜、隔网和无隔处理以及各自单作处理,通过处理间的相互比较,分析影响套作产量的主要土壤因素。结果表明:套作蒜苗土壤微生物上升其主要原因是根系间的非接触物质交换;套作玉米除此外,地上部环境的改变也使根部土壤微生物数量上升。根系间的非接触效应还使蒜苗、玉米土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性提高,而环境因素的改变也使玉米过氧化氢酶,蒜苗脲酶活性提高。相关性分析表明:微生物对蒜苗根际土壤酶活性的影响大于对玉米土壤酶的影响。     

影响大蒜精油提取得率的工艺参数研究

研究了大蒜精油提取条件，包括反应温度、反应pH值、反应时间和蒸馏时间对大蒜精油提取得率的影响，初步确定了采用鲜蒜提取风味物质的最适工艺条件。     

大蒜轮作与瓜类枯萎病发病的关系

2000～2001年在嘉兴的试验研究表明大蒜与瓜类轮作辅以休闲明显地减轻了瓜类枯萎病的危害,发病率由瓜类连作时的50%下降到10%。土壤中(干土)病原菌孢子的存活量也由瓜类连作时的14.1×104cfu/g降低到1.2×104cfu/g。同时室内抑菌试验表明,大蒜能够明显抑制病原菌菌丝的生长,5种浓度3种浸提时间的大蒜浸提液中以浸提时间为1d浓度在25g/L的浸提液对菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,达72%;浸提7d浓度为1.56g/L的浸提液抑菌效果仅为20%。因此为减轻瓜类枯萎病的损失,提倡瓜类与大蒜作物轮作并适时休闲。     

大蒜病毒病原的鉴定及组培脱毒研究

系统鉴定的结果表明,为害大蒜的病毒有GLV,GMV和TMV。GMV引起大蒜花叶及条纹花叶,而GLV在大蒜上表现潜隐症状。GLV的紫外吸收峰最低在245.2nm,最高在275.7nm,其A260/280为1.36。GLV和GMV粒子大小分别为548～700×13nm和750～773×13nm。德国GLV抗血清仅与GLV有阳性反应。采用0.10～0.25mm生长点能完全脱除病毒,而用0.30～0.70mm有部分脱毒效果。